african presence in early america pdfafrican presence in early america pdf

%PDF-1.5 In schools up and down the country, little children are taught that a heroic Italian explorer discovered America, and various events and parades are held to celebrate the occasion. Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean Notes on Mesoamerican Civilization, Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System predating the Anglo American presence; however, in 1847, Mexico lost approximately half of its territory to the United States. He also appeared before a Congressional Committee on July 7, 1987 to challenge the Columbus myth. to 1100 B.C. African Americans are mainly of African ancestry, but many have non-Black ancestors as well. 1940 excavation of a thousand-year-old Olmec site near Veracruz. I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus.34, A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. Viracocha was described in legends as a tall man with long beard, pale skin and using a rod that emitted thunders and lightnings; Quetzalcoatl was the Feathered serpent, tall and mastering of the secret of arts and time. They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. I reflected that there had undoubtedly been Blacks in this country and this had been in the first epoch of the world. Early American Scans NetSuite, highlighting the economic and social forces most able to explain the presence or the absence of slave trading in different regions of the world. Muslims first came to North America in the 1500s as part of colonial expeditions. Pre-Columbus civilization in the Americas had its foundation built by Africans and developed by the ingenuity of Native Americans. Are you ready to come out from where you hide? Joan, Eahr Amelia. Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman: Portrait of an American Hero by Kate Clifford Larson 9.99; Black Athena revisited 15.99; A Kid's Guide to African American History: More than 70 Activities (A Kid's Guide series) 7.99; To move a continent : Kwame Nkrumah's role in African affairs, 1957-1966 9.99 Google non verifica le recensioni, ma controlla e rimuove i contenuti falsi quando vengono identificati, Varieties of African American Religious Experience. In describing the Olmec head, Melgar wrote that what astonished me was the Ethiopic [Black African] type which it represents. Conspicuous among these shared elements are those adopted by the monarchies in both civilizations, and appear in a combination too arbitrary and unique to be independently duplicated.35 They include the following: The double crown, the royal flail, the sacred boat or ceremonial bark of the kings, the religious value of the color purple and its special use among priests and people of high rank; the artificial beard, feathered fans and the parasol or ceremonial umbrella. In 1311 AD, another major wave of African exploration to the New World was led by King Abubakari II, the ruler of the fourteenth century Mali Empire, which was larger than the Holy Roman Empire. According to the toltec and aztec legends they both came by sea. Jews Selling Blacks: Slave Sale Advertising by American Jews, "I Have Been Vindicated," Interview Final Call, 1992, How the Jews Crushed a Black Slave Revolt. Divining America The Foreign Missionary Movement in 19th or Were the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America, Magicians of the Gods by Graham Hancock (2015), Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs, ANCIENT INDIAN RELIGION CHAPTER 4 PART 4 ANCIENT INDIA APN, The Dragon and the Serpent: Quetzalcoatl, the Lng of China and the Serpent of Wisdom, Extended-Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC, Afrocentric World Black Greeks Ancient Libyco-Berber Writing More Information on the Afrocentric World, Olmec (Mande) Loan Words in the Mayan, Mixe-Zoque and Taino Languages. (RGS. When the skulls were carefully examined, one of the world's leading skull Marquez, adds that [s]everal isolated but concordant facts permit the conjecture that before the formation and development of the three great ethnographic groupsa great part of Amcerica was occupied by [the] Negroid type.12. Van Sertima, Egypto-Nubian Presences in Ancient Mexico, p.70. In this book, Ivan Van Sertima explores his theory that Africans made landfall and had significant influence on the native peoples of Mesoamerica, primarily the Olmec civilization. Speaking specifically about the African influence on the Olmec culture, historian Zecharia Sitchin provides this view: It is an embarrassing enigma, because it challenges scholars and prideful nationalists to explain how people from, In a world accustomed to suppressing, distorting, ignoring or denying the achievements of Black Africans it is difficult to accept the historical paradigm shift mandated by the evidence presented here. Marquez, adds that [s]everal isolated but concordant facts permit the conjecture that before the formation and development of the three great ethnographic groupsa great part of Amcerica was occupied by [the] Negroid type., The oldest inhabitants of Mexico, according to some, were Negroes, and according to others, the Otomies. African Americans are largely the descendants of enslaved people who were brought from their African homelands by force to work in the New World. He wrote two articles about this particular head, one in the Boletin de Geografia y Estadistica, and the other in the respected Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y Estadistica. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The first one is between 800 and 700 BC, during the 25th dynasty of the Egyptian Pharaonic civilization. The African Presence in Ancient America: Evidence from Physical Anthropology, in African Presence in Early America. Other scholars contend that numerous navigators sailed to the Americas from West Africa when the medieval empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay flourished in that region.46 In light of the vast evidence available (far more, for example, than that of the Vikings) of an African presence in ancient America, why is this information virtually unknown to the general public? Contrary to popular belief, African American history did not start with slavery in the New World. Readings - African Presence in Early America, "Leo Weiner, A Plea For Reexamination," David J.M. Such compounds could only have been introduced to Ancient Egyptian culture through trade with Americans. The great ancient civilizations of Egypt and West Africa traveled to the Americas, contributing immensely to early American civilization by importing the art of pyramid building, political systems and religious practices as well as mathematics, writing and a sophisticated calendar. 3 examine factors that can contribute to early resilience. The case for African contacts with pre-Columbian America, in spite of a number of understandable gaps and a few minor elements of contestable data, is no longer based on the fanciful conjecture and speculation of romantics. An examination of this artwork, wrote Van Sertima, reveals the unmistakable combination of the kinky hair, broad nose, generous lips, frequency of prognathism (projecting jaws), occasional goatee beard, and sometimes distinctly African ear pendants, hairstyles, tattoo markings, and coloration.23, Author David Imhotep cites a number of scientists and scholars who have identified prehistoric skulls and skeletons of Black people of the Austro-Negrito type, dating back to as early as 56,000 years ago, throughout the New World.24 This appears to be substantiated by more recent discoveries.25, Our focus here, however, is on the Negroid skulls and skeletons that have been discovered at ancient and medieval New World sites. Villacorta, has written: Any way you view it, Mexican civilization had its origin in Africa.14 Finally, historian Orozco y Berra declared in his History of the Conquest of Mexico, that there was, unquestionably, a significant, ongoing, and intimate pre-Columbian relationship between Mexicans and Africans.15. Wars, civil unrest and the dynamics of enslavement in West Central Africa, 1607-60 4. It makes a convincing case for pre-Columbian contacts between Africa and America before the era of the slave trade. The Ancient Ancestors of Egypt and West Africa traveled to The greatest threat towards Africa having a glorious future is her peoples ignorance of Africas glorious past. <> Revised Edition II, 2018. endobj Racial Gaps in Early Childhood Socio-emotional nccp.org, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. Out of Stock. In 1991 Dr. Van Sertima defended his highly controversial thesis on the African presence in pre-Columbian America before the Smithsonian. Pyramid construction is highly specialized. Other scholars contend that numerous navigators sailed to the Americas from West Africa when the medieval empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay flourished in that region. Clearly, Africans helped civilize America well before Europeans discovered America, and well before Europeans claim to have civilized Africa. FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 8, 2022, FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 15, 2022, FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 22, 2022, http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/3774/did-australian-aborigines-reach-america-first, Listen to Dr. Leonard Barrett speak on the Jewish role in the slave trade. Dozens of their skulls and cave writings have been found dating back to 50,000 years. villages, no pyramid appears until much later.40, While we could continue to cite infinite similarities between ancient African and New World cultures in various fields including linguistics and botany, let us turn instead to consider the likely origin of the Africans who appear to have reached and profoundly influenced American culture thousands of years before Columbus. In an oral tradition recorded in the Titulo Coyoi, a major document of the Maya, the parasol is specifically mentioned as having been brought to the New World by foreigners who traveled by sea from the east.36, The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. These substances are known to only be derived from American plants. Black Jews of Africa History Religion Identity Oxford Face of Afro-Olmec child carved on the waste "belt" of an Olmec ballplayer, Back to Historical Views | AfricaSpeaks.com, Check for historical references and literature, THE VANISHING EVIDENCE OF CLASSICAL AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS. Students should have an understanding of their agricultural, economic and . It insists on the leading role it played in some periods and it tries to find out in what periods there existed contact between Black Africa and the Americas. Peter Martyr, the first prominent European historian of the New World, stated that the Black men seen by Balboa and his companions were shipwrecked Africans who had taken refuge in the local mountains. THE PRESENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SCHOLARSHIP IN EARLY, THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN ANCIENT AMERICA REVISITED WITH RUNOKO RASHIDI An exciting new DVD by Runoko Rashidi! cit., p.37. In a book on the life of Columbus, his son, Ferdinand, reported that his father saw Black people himself when he reached the region just north of the country today called Honduras. The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. Van Sertima makes it plain that Early America Revisited is more than a stack of evidence about the physical presence of Africans in pre-Columbian America, it is the study of how two peoples and cultures can lead to cross fertilization. Runoko Rashidi is an anthropologist and historian with a major focus on what he calls the Global African Presence-that is, Africans outside of Africa before and after enslavement. Sitchin goes on stating that ther were two distinct fluxes of deities and people: one originated the myth of Viracocha, the other originated the myth of Quetzalcoatl. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> endobj On Monday [October 13 2014], Americas government offices, businesses, and banks all grind to a halt in order to commemorate Columbus Day. Ancient sea-going vessel used by the Egyptians and Nubians in ancient times. Readers should also consider the following 10 books that filled in this or that piece of the African jigsaw: Charles S. Finch, The Star of Deep Beginnings, US, Khenti, 1998. As in Darien, these Africans were also captives of war among the native Americans. This phase of its history is called the Harappan, the name being derived from Harappa, one of the earliest known Indus Valley cities. The book makes a carefully balanced case for an African presence in America before Columbus' voyages. Olmecian and Egyptian pyramids were both placed on the same north-south axis and had strikingly similar construction methods. Rashidi is an authority on the African presence in Asia, especially in the Phillipines and in India. In his view this fleet was probably led by Phoenician navigators who had been pressed into service by the Nubian pharaohs of Egypt during the twenty fifth dynasty.45. Similar construction methods can download the paper by clicking the button above carefully balanced case for contacts! Pharaonic civilization writings have been introduced to Ancient Egyptian culture through trade with Americans as in Darien, these were... 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